1.14.16.2: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.14.16.2
-
1.14.16.2
-
dopamine
-
dopaminergic
-
parkinsonism
-
nigra
-
striatum
-
catecholamine
-
substantia
-
nerve
-
ventral
-
fiber
-
sympathetic
-
innervation
-
adrenal
-
noradrenergic
-
neurotransmitter
-
6-hydroxydopamine
-
ganglia
-
th-positive
-
catecholaminergic
-
neuropeptide
-
norepinephrine
-
nigrostriatal
-
midbrain
-
monoamine
-
neurotrophic
-
compacta
-
coeruleus
-
hypothalamus
-
tegmental
-
mesencephalic
-
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
-
l-dopa
-
6-ohda
-
neurochemical
-
accumbens
-
noradrenaline
-
rostrally
-
dopac
-
apomorphine
-
perikarya
-
intrastriatal
-
beta-hydroxylase
-
mptp-induced
-
varicosity
-
ventrolateral
-
dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
-
preoptic
-
npy
-
phenylethanolamine
-
analysis
-
diagnostics
-
homovanillic
-
synthesis
- 1.14.16.2
- dopamine
-
dopaminergic
- parkinsonism
- nigra
- striatum
- catecholamine
-
substantia
- nerve
-
ventral
- fiber
-
sympathetic
-
innervation
- adrenal
-
noradrenergic
-
neurotransmitter
- 6-hydroxydopamine
- ganglia
-
th-positive
-
catecholaminergic
-
neuropeptide
- norepinephrine
-
nigrostriatal
- midbrain
-
monoamine
-
neurotrophic
- compacta
- coeruleus
- hypothalamus
- tegmental
-
mesencephalic
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- l-dopa
-
6-ohda
-
neurochemical
- accumbens
- noradrenaline
-
rostrally
-
dopac
- apomorphine
- perikarya
-
intrastriatal
- beta-hydroxylase
-
mptp-induced
-
varicosity
-
ventrolateral
- dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
-
preoptic
- npy
- phenylethanolamine
- analysis
- diagnostics
-
homovanillic
- synthesis
Reaction
Synonyms
CAT-2, DTH1, DTH2, hTH2, L-tyrosine hydroxylase, monophenol monooxygenase, oxygenase, tyrosine 3-mono-, TH, TH1, TH2, TyrH, tyrosinase, tyrosine 3-hydroxylase, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase type 1, tyrosine-3-mono-oxygenase, tyrosine-3-monooxygenase
ECTree
1.14.16.2 tyrosine 3-monooxygenaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 1.14.16.2 - tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-bromo-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-tyrosine + 3-hydroxyphenylalanine + dihydropteridine + H2O
the enzyme prefers L-tyrosine as a substrate over L-phenylalanine by an order of magnitude
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
L-tryptophan + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
worst substrate
-
-
?
L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
the enzyme prefers L-tyrosine as a substrate over L-tryptophan by 25fold
-
-
?
L-Tyr + DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
significant activity at a concetration of DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine: 1.5 mM
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
recombinant hTH1
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
r
L-tyrosine + 6-methyl-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
L-tyrosine + ascorbate + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
L-tyrosine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
tyramine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
dopamine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
L-dopa-oxidase activity
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
4 isoforms, thiols required, stimulation by Fe2+ and tetrahydropterin
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
wild-type and mutants
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
recombinant wild-type and mutant
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
preferred electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
tyrosine at 0.1 mM and O2 at 4.8% inhibit with (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin as electron donor, depending on O2 and cofactor concentration
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
cosubstrate has a regulatory role for all 4 isoforms
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
probable regulatory role of cosubstrate for all 4 isoforms
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
best substrate
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
higher activity than with tetrahydropterin
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
alpha-synuclein is a negative regulator of the enzyme and the dopamine biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key and rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine and other catecholamine biosynthesis, regulation, mechanisms, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine synthesis, negative catecholamine end-product regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, complex regulation by the cofactor including both enzyme inactivation and conformational stabilization, enzyme defects are associated with L-DOPA responsive and non-responsive dystonia and infantile parkinsonism, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF, is involved in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the midbrain
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme is a major producer of the DOPA required for both cuticle tanning and immune-associated melanization, overview
i.e. L-dopa
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, regulation by reversible phosphorylation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme expression is increased in ataxic mice, Cdk5 activity cannot account for abnormal tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the cerebellum
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, and is involved in Parkinson's disease, enzyme inhibition by alpha-synuclein causes the dopaminergic phenotype, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
684367, 685885, 685887, 687055, 687935, 688519, 688523, 688528, 688545, 688624, 689074, 689215, 689999, 690099, 695599, 697761, 713957, 714205, 714239
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
enzyme ativity regulation by endothelins is mediated by the NO pathway, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, the enzyme is involved in the survival of grafted embryonic dopamine neurons after transplantation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, the majority of dopamine is derived from recycling after dopamine exocytosis, but loss in dopamine leads to de novo synthesis of dopamine, due to increased enzyme activity since the feedback enzyme inhibition by dopamine is reduced, regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dopamine biosynthesis, enzyme inhibition in the brain leads to hypothalamic reduced dopamine and DOPAC levels and increased pituitary prolactine, while the norepinephrine levels remain unaltered, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, is regulated acutely by feedback inhibition by the catecholamines and relief of this inhibition by phosphorylation of residue Ser40. Phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme, regulation mechanism overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tyrosine hydroxylase is involved in dopamine biosynthesis and the rat nigrostriatal pathway, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
substrate inhibition occurs at 0.1 mM tyrosine or O2 with (6R)- and (6RS)-tetrahydrobiopterin
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme shows high substrate specificity for L-tyrosine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme shows high substrate specificity for L-tyrosine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
recombinant hTH1
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
the enzyme prefers L-tyrosine as a substrate over L-phenylalanine by an order of magnitude and over L-tryptophan by 25fold
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme shows high substrate specificity for L-tyrosine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
reaction is coupled with ascorbate oxidation
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
best substrate
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
recombinant wild-type and mutant
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tetrahydropterin absolutely required
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine is identical with dopa
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in nocturnal species, rhythms in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the hypothalamus appear to be responsible for rhythms in prolactin secretion, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Tissue-specific expression of the isoenzymes generated through alternative splicing of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene is a vital step in Drosophila development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosine hydroxylase stimulates GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
circulating titer of estradiol-17 beta can act differentially on the enzyme to alter catecholamineergic activity. Estradiol-17 beta may participate in the acute regulation of the enzyme by interacting with the cAMP signaling pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the brain enzyme is sensitive to the thyroid status. Hormone excess activates and deficiency retards the enzyme activity by midifying its kinetic function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
active with diverse tetrahydropterin analogues, substituted at C6, C7 or C3, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
under aerobic conditions can generate significant amounts of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
direct function for tyrosine hydroxylase in the melanosome via a cencerted action with tyrosinase to promote pigmentation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopmaine. The physiological effects of the mutations described in cases of autosomal recessive DOPA-responsive dystonia are primarily due to the decreased stability of the mutant proteins razher than decreases in their intrinsic activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosinase activity is modified to tyrosine hydroxylase activity via immobilization
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
4-substituted substrate analogues get hydroxylated at position 4 or 3, the latter is preferred with big-sized substituents, multiply hydroxylated products occur as well
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ-NOP receptor system inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation, dopamine synthesis and dopamine D1 receptor signaling in rat nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum, N/OFQ preferentially inhibits phosphoSer40-enzyme in nucleus accumbens shell, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
neuronal activity, modulated e.g. by KCl, mediates changes in TH expression, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
postinfarct sympathetic hyperactivity differentially stimulates expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter, in vitro stimulation of sympathetic neurons increases tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine synthesis to a greater extent than it stimulates norepinephrine reuptake and the NE transporter, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not circadianally regulated by the chromaffin cell clock, overview
-
-
?
