1.13.11.70: all-trans-10'-apo-beta-carotenal 13,14-cleaving dioxygenase
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For detailed information about all-trans-10'-apo-beta-carotenal 13,14-cleaving dioxygenase, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
Synonyms
carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, CCD8, MAX4, MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 4, NCED8, Rms1
ECTree
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General Information on EC 1.13.11.70 - all-trans-10'-apo-beta-carotenal 13,14-cleaving dioxygenase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
evolution
occurrence of duplication in CCD4 genes that evolved into two new genes CCD7, EC 1.13.11.68, and CCD8. The site-specific profile and coefficient of type-I functional divergences reveals critical amino acid residues, leading to subgroup-specific functional evolution after their phylogenetic diversification
malfunction
metabolism
biosynthesis of strigolactones requires the action of two CCD enzymes, CCD7 (EC 1.13.11.68) and CCD8, which act sequentially on 9-cis-beta-carotene, strigolactone biosynthesis pathway from all-trans-beta-carotene to ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol, overview
physiological function
additional information
in silico analysis, structure homology modeling, molecular modeling, dynamic simulation and structure comparisons of Arabidopsis thaliana carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, overview
malfunction
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using a PpCCD8 knockout mutant, it is shown that PpCCD8 is involved in strigolactone biosynthesis and regulates the branching of filament and colony extension. In wild-type Physcomitrella patens, secreted strigolactones are directly involved in the regulation of colony extension in response to internal cues or population density
malfunction
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gene silencing of CCD8 in Phelipanche aegyptiaca by tobacco rattle virus system retards the parasite development on the host. Transient knockdown of PaCCD8 inhibits tubercle development and the infestation process in host plants. The number of parasite tubercles attached to the roots of host plants treated with TRV:PaCCD7, TRV:PaCCD8, or a mixture of TRV:PaCCD7 and TRV:PaCCD8 is significantly reduced by 95% as compared to control plants
malfunction
the biochemical basis of the shoot branching phenotype is due to inhibition of enzyme CCD8
physiological function
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coexpression of the enzyme, CCD8, and carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase CCD7, EC 1.13.11.71, in Escherichia coli results in production of 13-apo-beta-carotenone. The sequential cleavages of beta-carotene by CCD7 and CCD8 are likely the initial steps in the synthesis of a carotenoid-derived signaling molecule that is necessary for the regulation lateral branching
physiological function
enzyme is involved in regulation of low phosphate stress responses. Mutants show lower anthocyanin content and longer primary root length. Mutant plants also display altered root architecture such as increased root-to-shoot ratio, lower lateral root number and root hair density compared with wild-type plants under low phosphate stress. Higher total phosphate contents are detected in shoots and roots of mutant plants than those of wild-type plants when subjected to low phosphate stress, which is associated, at least in part, with increase in expression of WRKY75 as well as AtPT1 and AtPT2 genes encoding high-affinity phosphate transporters
physiological function
gene disruption mutant reveals a modest increase in branching that contrasts with prominent pleiotropic changes that include marked reduction in stem diameter, reduced elongation of internodes, independent of carbon supply, and a pronounced delay in development of the centrally important, nodal system of adventitious roots
physiological function
loss-of-function mutants exhibit a significant decrease in petiole length and are highly branched. The axillary buds, which are typically delayed in growth in wild-type plants, grow out to produce leaves and inflorescences. The mutant plant have smaller rosette diameters due to a decrease in the lengths of petioles and leaf blades compared with wild-type plants. The phenotypes contribute to the bushy appearance of the mutants. The double mutant, additionally lacking carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase activity, EC 1.13.11.71, is phenotypically indistinguishable from either single mutant, indicating an interaction consistent with both genes functioning in the same pathway. Both classes of plants show a slight increase in inflorescence number compared with wild type
physiological function
mutations in the MAX4 gene of Arabidopsis result in increased and auxin-resistant bud growth. Increased branching in max4 shoots is restored to wild type by grafting to wild-type rootstocks, suggesting that MAX4 is required to produce a mobile branch-inhibiting signal, acting downstream of auxin
physiological function
reduction of enzyme expression by RNAi correlates with an increase in branch development and delayed senescence
physiological function
biosynthesis of strigolactones requires the action of two CCD enzymes, CCD7 (EC 1.13.11.68) and CCD8, which act sequentially on 9-cis-beta-carotene
physiological function
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important role of the strigolactone associated gene PaCCD8 in the parasite life cycle, and roles of CCD7 and CCD8 enzymes in the biosynthesis of strigolactones
physiological function
two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, CCD7 and CCD8, are involved in strigolactones biosynthesis. Involvement of the branching enzymes CCD7 and CCD8 in the control of bud sprouting and apical dominance. CsCCD7 and CsCCD8 expression show some overlapping, although they are not identical
