1.1.1.195: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.1.1.195
-
1.1.1.195
-
lignin
-
lignification
-
monolignols
-
phenylpropanoids
-
sinapyl
-
xylem
-
coniferyl
-
ammonia-lyase
-
cinnamoyl-coa
-
caffeic
-
coniferaldehyde
-
guaiacyl
-
sinapaldehyde
-
eucalyptus
-
cinnamoyl
-
hydroxycinnamyl
-
linum
-
taeda
-
p-coumaryl
-
cinnamaldehydes
-
syringyl
-
loblolly
-
biofuel production
-
nutrition
-
industry
-
biotechnology
-
4-coumarate-coa
-
4.3.1.5
-
synthesis
-
thioacidolysis
-
4-coumarate
-
3-o-methyltransferase
-
podophyllotoxin
-
agriculture
-
gunnii
- 1.1.1.195
- lignin
-
lignification
- monolignols
-
phenylpropanoids
-
sinapyl
- xylem
-
coniferyl
-
ammonia-lyase
- cinnamoyl-coa
-
caffeic
- coniferaldehyde
-
guaiacyl
- sinapaldehyde
- eucalyptus
-
cinnamoyl
-
hydroxycinnamyl
-
linum
- taeda
-
p-coumaryl
- cinnamaldehydes
-
syringyl
-
loblolly
- biofuel production
- nutrition
- industry
- biotechnology
-
4-coumarate-coa
-
4.3.1.5
- synthesis
-
thioacidolysis
- 4-coumarate
-
3-o-methyltransferase
- podophyllotoxin
- agriculture
- gunnii
Reaction
Synonyms
ADH, AdhA, alcohol dehydrogenase, AtCAD4, BdCAD1, Bmr6, Bradi3g06480, brown midrib6, Brown-midrib 1 protein, CAD, CAD 7/8, CAD1, CAD10, CAD11, CAD12, CAD13, CAD14, CAD15, CAD2, CAD3, CAD4, CAD5, CAD6, CAD7, CAD8, CAD9, CADH I, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 12, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 3, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 4, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 5, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 7, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 9, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase C, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, CtCAD1, CtCAD2, CtCAD3, dehydrogenase, cinnamyl alcohol, FC1, FLEXIBLE CULM1, HcCAD1, HcCAD2, LlCAD2, LtuCAD1, More, Mt-CAD1, Mt-CAD2, PhCAD1, PhCAD2, PhCAD3, PhCAD4, PtoCAD1, PtoCAD12, PtoCAD2, PtoCAD3, PtoCAD5, PtoCAD6, PtoCAD7, PtoCAD8, PtoCAD9, ScAdh6p, TaCAD12
ECTree
1.1.1.195 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 1.1.1.195 - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,4-dimethylcinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
2,4-dimethylcinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
2-propanol + NADP+
? + NADPH + H+
-
2-propanol can be also used in the cofactor recycling catalytic system as co-solvent like ethanol, but at the same time cinnamaldehyde conversion is lower (85%) and cinnamyl alcohol production is accordingly lower
-
-
?
3,4-methylenedioxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-methylenedioxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
3-methoxybenzylalcohol + NADP+
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-bromocinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-bromocinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-chlorocinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-chlorocinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-methoxybenzylalcohol + NADP+
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-methoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-methylcinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-methylcinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADP+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
very low activity
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADPH
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde + NADP+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
very low activity
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
lowest catalytic efficiency
-
-
?
artemisinic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
artemisinic alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + NADP+
benzoic acid + NADPH
-
the enzyme also shows dismutase activity
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
slight activity
-
-
r
caffeylaldehyde + NADP+
caffeyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
low activity
-
-
?
caffeylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
caffeyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
p-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
catalytic preference for 4-coumaraldehyde
-
-
?
4-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
high catalytic efficiency
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
CAD4 displays slight activity for benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
cofactor recycling catalytic system in which ADH reduces cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol (oxidizing NADH to NAD+). THe NAD+ produced is then recycled by ADH at expense of ethanol, which acts as co-solvent for both substrate and product, and is present in large excess to force the whole process toward cinnamaldehyde reduction. Also, elimination of the obtained dehydrogenation product acetaldehyde drives cinnamaldehyde reduction toward completion. 1-2 mM is the ideal starting cinnamaldehyde concentration
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
involved in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
100% activity with 1 mM cinnamyl alcohol, 116% activity with 10 mM cinnamyl alcohol, reaction catalyzed by unspecific alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1)
61% activity with 0.1 mM cinnamaldehyde, 7% activity with 1 mM cinnamaldehyde
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in lignin synthesis and increases concomitantly with cell differentiation
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
favourite substrate
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
isoform CAD3 has a higher binding preference with coniferaldehyde over sinapaldehyde, followed by isoforms CAD4, CAD2, and CAD1, respectively
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol is converted into its corresponding aldehyde during lignin biosynthesis
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4. Activity of Bmr6 is 2.5- and 34fold higher than CAD4 for coniferyl and sinapyl aldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4. Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6-fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates. Activity of Bmr6 is 2.5- and 34fold higher than CAD4 for coniferyl and sinapyl aldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
CAD1 and CAD2 are involved in biosynthesis of coniferyl alcohol in Nicotiana tabacum
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
recombinant enzyme encoded by gene GH2
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
the forward reaction is the physiological reaction
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
Brm6 has higher activities for the coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes in comparison to the corresponding alcohols
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4
-
-
?
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
preferred substrate
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
recombinant enzyme encoded by gene GH2
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
low activity
-
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
very low activity
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
Brm6 has higher activities for the coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes in comparison to the corresponding alcohols
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
32 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of CAD, whereby 12 are nonsynonymous mutations and 20 are synonymous mutations. 11 and three synonymous mutations are detected in Acacia auriculiformis A3 x Acacia mangium M22 and Acacia auriculiformis A6 x Acacia mangium M20 parental combination, respectively. The synonymous mutations detected are 20 in both genes. The high occurences of single nucleotide polymorphisms are possible because the plant has to adopt physiologically to a variety of unpredictable environmental conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
32 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of CAD, whereby 12 are nonsynonymous mutations and 20 are synonymous mutations. 11 and three synonymous mutations are detected in Acacia auriculiformis A3 x Acacia mangium M22 and Acacia auriculiformis A6 x Acacia mangium M20 parental combination, respectively. The synonymous mutations detected are 20 in both genes. The high occurences of single nucleotide polymorphisms are possible because the plant has to adopt physiologically to a variety of unpredictable environmental conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
role of the enzyme in lignin biosynthesis and structure formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substituted and unsubstituted benzaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme involved in lignification in vascular plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, various aromatic alcohols (e.g. salicyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, piperonyl alcohol)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
coniferylaldehyde and sinapylaldehyde are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
coniferylaldehyde and sinapylaldehyde are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with methanol and ethanol as alcoholic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme shows broad substrate specificity, LlCAD2 shows significant activity against cinnamyl substrates, but is almost inactive against aliphatic and other benzyl compounds. Possible involvement of histidine at the active site. Low activity with benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. No or very poor activity with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butryaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows broad substrate specificity, LlCAD2 shows significant activity against cinnamyl substrates, but is almost inactive against aliphatic and other benzyl compounds. Possible involvement of histidine at the active site. Low activity with benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. No or very poor activity with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butryaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme Mt-CAD2 shows low activity with all substrates and compared to the activities of Mt-CAD1, substrate binding and specificity of Mt-CAD2, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
FC1 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of lignin and the control of culm strength in rice, especially in the first internodes, and FC1 deficiency in the first internodes is the main cause of the lodging trait in fc1 plants. FC1 mutant exhibits an abnormal development phenotype, including late heading time, semi-dwarf habit, and causes a reduction in cell wall thickness, as well as a decrease in lignin. Extracts from the first internodes and panicles of FC1 plants exhibit drastically reduced cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Overexpression of FC1 does not affect the cell wall composition
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: sinapaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, mannose, acetaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
final step in a branch of phenylpropanoid synthesis specific for production of lignin monomers
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the CAD promoter is wound-inducible
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the CAD promoter is wound-inducible
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
liginification and lignin topochemistry indifferent samples, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of monolignols, it is not rate-limiting for lignin production under physiologic conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
KJ159967
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CAD4 and CAD10 possess transcription factor binding motifs involved in development and in response to various stresses. CAD1, CAD2, CAD10, and CAD11 possess promoter motifs involved in the response to fungal elicitors. CAD2, CAD4, CAD5, CAD7, CAD9, rCAD10 and CAD16 possess motifs involved in response to wounding, herbivore stress, as well as other stresses
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
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a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
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additional information
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a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
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additional information
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CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
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additional information
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CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
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additional information
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CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
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additional information
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CAD is one of the enzymes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, which is critically important for host defence against both appropriate and inappropriate pathogen invasion in wheat
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